At public universities, genellikle üniversite e-posta sistemi aracılığıyla iletilen bir şey denetimine tabi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır görünüyor. Bugün yöneltilen soru: Harvard Üniversitesi mü, whose position on the question of privacy seems more ambiguous, make the right decision to secretly search the email accounts of 16 resident deans without first informing them? The Harvard investigators were looking for information related to a leak about the University’s cheating scandal in which about half the students in an undergraduate spring class called “Introduction to Congress” were thought to have been involved. As reported in the Boston Globe on March 10, the deans whose emails were searched were informed of Harvard’s actions on March 9, almost six months after the search took place. Was this an extraordinary circumstance in which Harvard University had no other option? Perhaps they concluded it was. Was there a better way to handle the execution given the respect due to Harvard’s esteemed academic community? From a legal and ethical perspective, what do people believe the right course of action should be for a trusted, honorable, Özel akademik kurum? I asked Howard Gardner, John H. Elisabeth A. Eğitim Harvard Graduate School Biliş ve Eğitim Hobbs Profesörü, Alan Behr, Phillips Nizer hukuk firması ortağı ve Kurumsal üyesi & İş Hukuku Bölümü ve Fikri Mülkiyet Uygulaması, onların bakış açılarını paylaşmak için.
Please tell me the degree to which you think this privacy incident has concerned members of the Harvard community. What proportion of faculty and students of the University would you estimate share concerns for what has transpired?
Howard: To my surprise, I see a degree of mobilization that had not occurred with regard to the cheating episode. I am not sure why. Could be a cumulative effect, could also be that this hits closer to home. Sonunda, it involves faculty and those that faculty considered colleagues – senior resident deans who were apparently treated differently from ladder or tenure faculty. Absent survey data, it is impossible to know the percentages in any constituency. I will say that a number of departments and cohorts have mobilized in ways that they did not before, but it is not yet clear how the mobilization will go and whether it will have any effect.
Do you believe there are any egregious acts that would give the right to an organization such as Harvard to access a faculty member’s or an individual’s private correspondence?
Howard: There are two separate questions. One has to do with the seriousness of the alleged transgression; the other has to do with whether the faculty member should be apprised before the fact. I think that the offense has to be serious (suç ya da eğitim işletmenin kalbine yakın geliyor bir, Bilimsel dolandırıcılık gibi) ve neden dile gerekiyor. Alan: Because the institution is accountable for what is on its servers, o onlara ne olduğunu bilmek hakkına sahip olduğunu söylemek için bir neden vardır. If the individual has something deeply private stored on the institution’s server, the first question is obvious: if it is so private, why did you upload it? If there is a dedicated electronic storage space for private files and it is so identified to the employee, the institution could have a tough time supporting any invasion of that space for almost any reason that is not listed within its information policy. If the private files contain information that is potentially related to a serious crime, the institution is perhaps on firmer ground in reading it than in most other serious situations.
On the question of privacy, do you think there should be any difference between an education that is privately paid for and an education that is publicly paid for?
Howard: At public universities, it is already understood that anything you write on your university email is subject to inspection, perhaps without notice. And so employees at such universities are forewarned. Those of us at private universities thought that a different set of rules applied; I certainly did. Note however that private education is also publicly paid for, not only by grants to students but also by its tax-free status, and so the once assumed privilege may gradually disappear. That cuts directly into the heart of the academic enterprise, hangi kabul güveni vardır, gizlilik, topluluk, ve ahlaki temeli.
Eğer bir ücretli çalışan için gizlilik koruması ve haklar arasında yapacak bir ayrım var mı (Böyle bir öğretim üyesi olarak) Üniversitenin müşteri ödüyor bir öğrenci karşı?
Alan: Very generally, you violate a person’s right of privacy when you obtain personal data on that person when he or she is in a situation in which it is reasonable to have an “expectation of privacy.” Someone taking pictures of you through your third-floor bedroom window while you are dressing for dinner is likely violating your right of privacy. If you stand in your bedroom window and shout to people on the street, ancak, what you say would not be considered private. The Duchess of Cambridge was seated outdoors when photographed topless – on the veranda of a private villa, and the photographer was said to be positioned far off, on a road. Does a famous person in a private space have an expectation of privacy when visible only with professional-grade optics from a considerable distance? Many believed so. Most institutions take the position that there is no expectation of privacy when communicating via their email systems. It is worth noting that they take different positions about telephones: you have a right to expect that your call is not being monitored or recorded. The distinction is based in part upon the fact that email is a permanent written record, one that could potentially subject the institution to liability. The institution should have a clearly articulated, publicized and readily accessible information systems policy in any event. Howard: I think that all members of a community should be equally protected. Ilginç biçimde, Yerleşik dekanlar posta bakarak uygulamasını savundu Harvard Üniversitesi öğrencisi yönetici gizliliğini korumak için yaptığını söyledi. Bu argüman benim için işe yaramadı; Aslında ben öğrenci ve velilerin destek mitingi için tasarlanmış bir ferah bir argüman olduğunu düşünüyorum. Ben Personel gizliliğini korumak için eşit derecede önemli olduğunu düşünüyorum, fakülte, ve yöneticiler. Bu arada, bir öğretim üyesi yöneticileri personel düşünülmelidir ve bu nedenle e-postaları kontrol olması gerektiğine dikkat çekti. Söylemeye gerek yok, Bu provokatif argüman Harvard'da yöneticileri ya da başka herhangi bir yerde iyi gitmek değildir.
Etik itibaren, ve / veya tüzel perspektif, ne inanıyorum bu gibi bir olayın ardından sürdürmeye Harvard yönetimi için eylem sağ derstir, ahlaki topluluk olarak bir akademik lider olarak Harvard'ın mirasını ve bütünlüğünü hem de korumak için?
Alan: Yapılacak en iyi şey açık olmasıdır, kesin bilgi sistemleri politikası ve düzgün bir şekilde uygulamak için. Sen fakülte için kurallar farklı yapabilir, students and administrative employees. Within each category, Politika eşit uygulanmalıdır. It is all about transparency and fairness: if the policy says that a student’s emails are subject to being read, and the student emails his parents via his university account about how he cheated on an exam, he can’t complain if that email incriminates him. Howard: I agree absolutely with what Professor Rakesh Khurana of the Harvard Business School wrote to me. I quote here with his permission. “As an organizational behavior researcher, we teach cases like this over and over again. Ve yine, no matter how many times, people seem to repeat the same mistake. It seems that one of the simplest course of actions that would have ended this would have been a simple apology: “We were under a lot of pressure in a situation that we had no experience with. We made a judgment call. It seemed right at the time. Gez, it was wrong. We want to assure the community that something like this will not happen again.” Yerine, what we got was the same hair-splitting and legalese that apparently the administration board detests when it hears from students–Kişisel sorumluluk duygusu yok; yarma kıllar; technicalities arkasına saklanıyor, vb” Daha genel olarak, Profesör Khurana tarafından önerilen çizgisinde bir gerçek içten bir özür sonrası, Ben üniversite açık çok daha saygılı toplumun tüm üyelerinin haklarını bundan böyle bir seyir izleyeceği emin olmak gerektiğini söyleyebilirim, ve o bir güven etik topluluk olmanın ne demek onun eylemleri somutlaştırmak için çalışacağız. Özellikle kuruluşlar, kurumlar, and professions do differ in the extent to which they embody trust, Etik davranış, a sense of community. As the best known and wealthiest university in the world, Harvard has a special responsibility to embody these virtues. Harvard’s reputation has deservedly been thrown into question by the events of the past year, as have the reputations of other schools that have experienced sexual harassment, ethical and racial slurs, drunken binges, misrepresentations to rating agencies, vs. Bu kurumların sürece onlar bu yaraları tamir için çalışıyorsunuz ve toplumu iyileştirmek için olduğunu göstermek için olağanüstü çaba, onlar yıllardır düzenlenen edildiği saygı kaybedersiniz, falan, ve post-orta öğretim. will be in jeopardy. Ne kadar ironik bizim liberal sanat ve bilim kurumları uzun dünya çapında hayran edilmiş olması, and yet they now could be undermined from within.
Photos courtesy of Harvard Graduate School of Education and Phillips Nizer LLC.
Eğitim Küresel Ara, Sir Michael Barber dahil bana katılmak ve dünyaca ünlü düşünce liderleri (İngiltere), Dr. Michael Blok (ABD), Dr. Leon Botstein (ABD), Profesör Clay Christensen (ABD), Dr. Linda Darling-Hammond (ABD), Dr. Madhav Chavan (Hindistan), Profesör Michael Fullan (Kanada), Profesör Howard Gardner (ABD), Profesör Andy Hargreaves (ABD), Profesör Yvonne Hellman (Hollanda), Profesör Kristin Helstad (Norveç), Jean Hendrickson (ABD), Profesör Rose Hipkins (Yeni Zelanda), Profesör Cornelia Hoogland (Kanada), Sayın Jeff Johnson (Kanada), Bayan. Chantal Kaufmann (Belçika), Dr. Eija Kauppinen (Finlandiya), Devlet Bakanı Tapio Kosunen (Finlandiya), Profesör Dominique Lafontaine (Belçika), Profesör Hugh Lauder (İngiltere), Profesör Ben Levin (Kanada), Rab Ken Macdonald (İngiltere), Profesör Barry McGaw (Avustralya), Shiv Nadar (Hindistan), Profesör R. Natarajon (Hindistan), Dr. PAK NG (Singapur), Dr. Denise Pope (ABD), Sridhar Rajagopalan (Hindistan), Dr. Diane Ravitch (ABD), Richard Wilson Riley (ABD), Sir Ken Robinson (İngiltere), Profesör Pasi Sahlberg (Finlandiya), Andreas Schleicher (PISA, OECD), Dr. Anthony Seldon (İngiltere), Dr. David Shaffer (ABD), Dr. Kirsten Sürükleyici Are (Norveç), Başbakan Stephen Spahn (ABD), Yves Theze (Lise Francais ABD), Profesör Charles Ungerleider (Kanada), Profesör Tony Wagner (ABD), Sir David Watson (İngiltere), Profesör Dylan Wiliam (İngiltere), Dr. Mark Wormald (İngiltere), Profesör Theo WUBBELS (Hollanda), Profesör Michael Young (İngiltere), ve Profesör Minxuan Zhang (Çin) Onlar bütün milletler bugün karşı karşıya büyük resmi eğitim soruları keşfetmek gibi. Eğitim Toplum Page Global Arama
C. M. Rubin o aldığı için iki çok okunan çevrimiçi serisinin yazarı 2011 Upton Sinclair ödülü, “Eğitim Global Arama” ve “Nasıl Oku Will?” O da üç çok satan kitapların yazarı, Dahil Harikalar Gerçek Alice.
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