Rész 3 Az “In Search of Professionals”
In their new book, Szakmai Capital: Átalakuló tanítás minden iskolában, Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan remind us that the future of learning depends on the future of teaching. Speaking out against education policies that result in a teaching force that is inexperienced, underpaid and exhausted, Hargreaves and Fullan set out a new agenda to transform the future of teaching and public education.
Singapore is recognized globally as a high performing education system with professional practices that could be adopted by other education systems seeking to improve the capabilities of their principals, teachers and overall leadership. Singapore students fared very well in the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Out of 65 countries that took part in these tests, Singapore students ranked fifth in reading, second in mathematics and fourth in science. Singapore also had the second highest proportion (12.3%) of students who are top-level performers in all three domains.
How does Singapore view the importance of a world-class teaching profession? How has its government responded? What progress has been made to date? What are Singapore’s next steps to advance the teaching profession in the 21st century?
Ma részében 3 Az “A Global Search for Education: In Search of Professionals – Szingapúr,” we are honored to share the insights of Dr. PAK NG – Associate Dean, Vezetés Learning, Office of Graduate Studies és Professional Learning, és Fej docens, Policy Studies és vezetés Akadémiai Group, A National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Szingapúri Köztársaság.
What are your views on the importance of teaching quality and the importance of a world-class teaching profession to a successful education system for your nation?
The Singapore education system relies on a high quality teaching profession to achieve its aim for the nation. While it is important for the government to formulate good education polices, the success of these polices relies on the implementation by the teaching professionals in the schools. Policies are important for they point the direction and provide the support for change. But the substance of change is dependent on the teachers and school leaders in our schools. One of my main roles is to develop school leaders in Singapore. I often say to the school leaders, “students do not experience policies. They experience teachers.” Ezért, our school leaders need to nurture teachers. Singapore takes teaching quality and the development of a professional cadre of teachers very seriously.
What decisions and actions did your government take with respect to building teaching quality and the teaching profession, és mikor?
Szingapúrban, teachers are hired by the Ministry of Education and deployed to schools after their teacher preparation programme at the National Institute of Education (NO). Some 80% of Singapore’s 31,000 teachers today are graduates, a significant increase from 55% slightly more than a decade ago. The government intends to move towards all-graduate teacher recruitment by 2015 and seeks to recruit only from the top one-third of every cohort of students. Our teaching force is set to expand to 33,000 által 2015 and the government has put in place supporting structures to encourage teachers to acquire post-graduate degrees. We hope to enhance our teaching force, both in terms of numbers and quality.
NIE’s teacher preparation premises itself strongly on a set of values (V), szakértelem (S) and knowledge (Az), encapsulated in a model called the V3SK framework. This framework represents the underpinning philosophy of teacher development in NIE for the Singapore teacher. Különösen, our set of values is premised on 3 paradigms: learner-centeredness, teacher identity, and service to the profession and the community. We emphasize values very strongly because they are the beacons by which educators can navigate the seas of change without losing their soul or direction.
The government has also put in place many professional development opportunities for the teachers, including a Structured Mentoring Programme for beginning teachers, the Professional Development Continual Model for in-service teachers to pursue higher degrees in a flexible way, in-service programmes for various disciplines, and fully sponsored career milestone programmes for school leadership development (például. Leaders in Education Programme (LEP) for school principal-ship development and the Management and Leadership in Schools (MLS) programme for school middle leadership development).
How do you assess your progress to date?
The Singapore education system has gone through different phases. We have made significant progress over the years. Some 30 évvel ezelőtt, teachers taught according to standard textbooks provided by the ministry. Ma, teachers are expected to tailor education to suit their students and find breakthroughs in education practices, including curriculum, pedagógia, and assessment. Teachers now have enhanced career paths and remuneration, and teaching is a respectable profession in the country.
De, we still have a lot of room for improvement. What worked in the past may not work for the future. Ezért, at this stage of our national development, our challenge is to develop our teachers so that they are able to review for themselves the “miért, what and how” of teaching. We are trying to shift the focus of our education from quantity to quality. Beyond stringent recruitment, enhanced career paths and better pay packages, it is the passion, commitment and professional ethos of our teachers that will enhance the quality of our education system. Így, our teachers need to continuously hone their teaching craft and deepen their content mastery. We are currently encouraging our teachers to participate actively in professional learning communities, engage in reflective practice, and undertake action research. This is still work in progress and is a long continuous journey.
What tangible benefits have you seen?
Many policy makers, school leaders and academics have visited Singapore and they told me that they were doing so because Singapore had very good PISA and TIMSS (Trendek a Nemzetközi Matematikai és Természettudományi Vizsgálat) results and they wanted to study the reasons for these results. I suppose results can be considered tangible benefits associated with a quality teaching force. Azonban, in some ways more importantly, a quality teaching force, trusted by the people, is a critical asset to the nation. Schools are generally seen as a safe environment for students to study and develop themselves. Valóban, Singapore is too small to afford failing schools or schools where safety and security are big question marks. Ezért, schools provide a stable platform for values inculcation and national education. Because parents in general trust schools and the teachers, we have a basis on which different stakeholders can work together to improve educational outcomes for the students. Because different stakeholders have different viewpoints and expectations, working together is never a simple or clinical process, even though it is critical for the good of the students. Ezért, it is important to have a credible teaching profession that has the trust of the nation!
What additional steps or changes do you believe should be made or are you making in order to further advance the quality of teachers and the teaching profession going forward?
Singapore has a strong and robust education system, általában véve. It is a system recognized by many for its high level of student achievements. Azonban, we have to prepare our students for the future, not the past or the present. This may require fundamental educational reforms. We need teachers who can drive such change from within, rather than rely on central directions. Fundamental education reform requires schools to move beyond pre-specified performance indicators. Egyébként, we may end up reinforcing the current system, which is adequate for now, but inadequate for the future. We need teachers and school leaders who can think about the future and scan the horizon for change, és mégis folyamatosan kapcsolódik a jelen és a munka hűen a földön. Ehhez, hangsúlyt kell fektetnünk a kritikai reflexió a tanárok és az iskolavezetők, és felkészítse őket arra, hogy kihívást jelent a meglévő gondolkodás és gyakorlat a saját iskolában. Looking for a fixed recipe of reform implementation in all schools will not work. Allowing more degrees of freedom at the local level will bring out the best in a mutually dependent and dynamic relationship between the ministry that sets the central direction and the educators who work on the ground. Instead of relying on top down directions, schools draw upon the expertise of the professional teaching community to search for solutions to issues that are close to their hearts. As practitioners explore ideas, implement them and make adjustments as they go along, the quality of the teaching profession is enhanced through the cycles of empowered practice and critical reflection. Change is also more organic within the schools. Our education system has begun to move in this direction, but this is a long process and we are doing it in a patient, calibrated manner. This process may actually increase the tension within the system because the system is no longer so neat and orderly. De, as long as we have dedicated and reflective teachers, we will be able to bring positive change out of the tension.
Fotók jóvoltából Dr.. PAK NG
For more articles in the In Search of Professionals series: In Search of Professionals part 1, In Search of Professionals part 2
A globális keresési Oktatási, velem és világszerte elismert szellemi vezetők többek között Sir Michael Barber (UK), DR. Michael blokk (US), DR. Leon Botstein (US), Professzor Clay Christensen (US), DR. Linda Darling-Hammond (US), DR. Madhav Chavan (India), Professzor Michael Fullan (Kanada), Professzor Howard Gardner (US), Professzor Yvonne Hellman (Hollandiában), Professzor Kristin Helstad (Norvégia), Jean Hendrickson (US), Professzor Rose Hipkins (Új-Zéland), Professzor Cornelia Hoogland (Kanada), Mrs. Chantal Kaufmann (Belgium), DR. Eija Kauppinen (Finnország), Államtitkár Tapio Kosunen (Finnország), Professzor Dominique Lafontaine (Belgium), Professor Hugh Lauder (UK), Professor Ben Levin (Kanada), Professzor Barry McGaw (Ausztrália), Shiv Nadar (India), Professzor R. Natarajan (India), DR. Denise Pope (US), Sridhar Rajagopalan (India), DR. Diane Ravitch (US), Sir Ken Robinson (UK), Professzor Pasi Sahlberg (Finnország), Andreas Schleicher (PISA, OECD), DR. Anthony Seldon (UK), DR. David Shaffer (US), DR. Kirsten Magával ragadó Are (Norvégia), Chancellor Stephen Spahn (US), Yves Theze (Lycee Francais US), Professor Charles Ungerleider (Kanada), Professzor Tony Wagner (US), Sir David Watson (UK), Professzor Dylan Wiliam (UK), DR. Mark Wormald (UK), Professzor Theo Wubbels (Hollandiában), Professzor Michael Young (UK), és professzor Minxuan Zhang (Kína) mivel azok feltárása a nagy kép oktatási kérdés, hogy minden nemzet ma szembesül. A Global Search Oktatási közösségi oldal
C. M. Rubin a szerző két legolvasottabb internetes sorozat, amely megkapta a 2011 Upton Sinclair díjat, “A Global Search for Education” és “Hogyan fogjuk olvasása?” Ő a szerzője a három bestseller könyv, Beleértve The Real Alice Csodaországban.
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